Beneficiary Designation 2026: Spousal Consent by Account Type
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Quick Answer
What happens to an account at your death, and whether your spouse has to sign, depends on the type of account, not on your will. A 401(k) or pension covered by ERISA is payable to your spouse unless your spouse consents in writing, with the consent “witnessed by a plan representative or a notary public” (29 U.S.C. 1055(c)(2)), and a later divorce does not remove an ex-spouse who is still named on the plan form (Egelhoff v. Egelhoff, No. 99-1529). An IRA is outside ERISA (29 CFR 2510.3-2(d)), so no federal rule makes your spouse sign; whether an ex-spouse stays named is a state-law question, and the six state statutes we read (California, Florida, New York, Texas, Arizona and Washington) all void or revoke an ex-spouse’s designation on divorce, but they cover different assets. Non-traded REIT and BDC shares pass to a named person only if the TOD box is ticked and a TOD form is returned, and only for individuals (Apollo Debt Solutions BDC and StratCap Digital Infrastructure REIT prospectuses, April 2026); an heir who wants the fund’s early-repurchase deduction waived (2 percent at Apollo, 5 percent at StratCap) must ask within 12 months of the death. Primary sources read October 26, 2026; compiled October 27, 2026.
Key Takeaways
- The spouse’s signature is a rule of the account type. For a plan under 29 U.S.C. 1055 the waiver of the spouse’s survivor rights “shall not take effect unless” the spouse consents in writing, the election names a beneficiary that “may not be changed without spousal consent,” and the consent is witnessed by a plan representative or a notary public. An IRA is excluded from the ERISA definition of a pension plan (29 CFR 2510.3-2(d)(1)), so the federal consent rule does not reach it.
- A 401(k) usually sends everything to the spouse first. The exemption in 26 CFR 1.401(a)-20 Q&A-3(a)(1) requires that the account be “payable in full, upon the participant’s death, to the participant’s surviving spouse” unless the spouse consents to a designated beneficiary; the other plans covered by Q&A-3(a), defined benefit plans and defined contribution plans subject to the minimum funding standards, must offer survivor annuities that the spouse can waive only the same way.
- Divorce does not clean up an ERISA plan. The Supreme Court held that ERISA preempts a state statute that revoked a spouse’s designation on divorce “to the extent it applies to ERISA plans” (Egelhoff v. Egelhoff, No. 99-1529), and in Kennedy v. Plan Administrator for DuPont (No. 07-636) the plan paid “some $400,000” to the named former spouse because a divorce decree waiver that was not a QDRO conflicted with the plan’s designation.
- Divorce does reach an IRA in the states we read. California Probate Code 5040, Florida Statutes 732.703, New York EPTL 5-1.4, Texas Family Code 9.302, Arizona Revised Statutes 14-2804 and RCW 11.07.010 each cut an ex-spouse out of a designation made before the divorce, with different lists of assets, different exceptions and (in California) life insurance left out of the statute.
- A blank or failed form falls to the custodian’s agreement. In the Pershing LLC traditional IRA agreement the order is the surviving spouse, then children “in equal shares,” then the estate; a child who dies first has his or her share “divided among the surviving Beneficiaries” unless the owner elected per stirpes, our arithmetic: on $600,000 split three ways, each of two surviving children gets $300,000 instead of $200,000 plus a $200,000 share for the deceased child’s children.
- Non-traded fund shares need two steps for a TOD: the TOD box on the subscription agreement and a separate TOD form. Both Apollo Debt Solutions BDC and StratCap Digital Infrastructure REIT say the designation “may only be made by individuals, not entities.” Neither prospectus mentions a spouse’s signature.
- The heirs of a fund holder have 12 months. Both prospectuses say the early-repurchase deduction (98 percent of NAV at Apollo, so 2 percent; 95 percent of the transaction price at StratCap, so 5 percent) may be waived for a death only if the fund receives the written request “within 12 months,” with a certified death certificate. On a $500,000 stake held under a year, our arithmetic, that is $10,000 at Apollo and $25,000 at StratCap.
- In California a transfer of community property made without the spouse’s written consent “is not effective as to the nonconsenting spouse’s interest” (Probate Code 5020). Pershing’s IRA form goes further by contract: in AZ, CA, ID, LA, NV, NM, TX, WA and WI the spouse must sign when someone else is the sole primary beneficiary.
CSV · 99 rows
Beneficiary designation by account type: spousal consent, divorce statutes, fund TOD terms, custodian defaults
99 rows: the ERISA and Treasury spousal-consent rules; what is outside ERISA; two Supreme Court holdings; divorce statutes in California, Florida, New York, Texas, Arizona and Washington; the Florida TOD securities act; the TOD and repurchase terms of two fund prospectuses; the Pershing IRA custodian defaults; plus 7 worked-example rows (our arithmetic). Every sourced row carries its citation.
The matrix: eight account types, four questions
A will cannot answer these questions because none of these accounts is controlled by it; the form on file is. For what a will or a trust does control, and how a pour-over will works, see our trust vs will guide; this page covers the forms themselves. The table reads one saver’s typical holdings against the federal text, the six state codes, the two fund prospectuses and one custodian agreement we saved. “Our reading” marks a conclusion we drew that no source states in so many words.
| Account type | What controls at death | Does the spouse have to sign? | Does a divorce undo an ex-spouse named? | If the form is blank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 401(k) or profit-sharing plan at a private employer | The plan’s beneficiary form and plan document, not the will (Egelhoff; Kennedy) | Yes, to name anyone but the spouse: the account must be payable in full to the surviving spouse unless the spouse consents in writing before a plan representative or notary (29 U.S.C. 1055(b)(1)(C), (c)(2); 26 CFR 1.401(a)-20 Q&A-3) | No. State revocation statutes are preempted (Egelhoff); a divorce-decree waiver that was not a QDRO did not move the money in Kennedy | The plan document decides and we did not read one; the exemption condition itself makes the spouse first (Q&A-3(a)(1)) |
| Defined-benefit pension | The plan’s survivor annuity rules and the participant’s election | Yes. A waiver of the qualified joint and survivor or preretirement survivor annuity needs the spouse’s written, witnessed consent naming the specific beneficiary (Q&A-31(a)) | No for the same reason as a 401(k); a QDRO can make a former spouse the surviving spouse (29 U.S.C. 1056(d)(3)(F)) | An unmarried participant is “deemed to have waived” the preretirement survivor annuity (Q&A-25(a)); a married one has the survivor annuity unless waived (our reading) |
| Solo 401(k) covering only the owner and spouse | The plan’s beneficiary form | The Code rule in Q&A-3 reaches plans qualified under section 401(a), so the same spouse-first exemption applies (our reading); ERISA Title I does not cover the plan (29 CFR 2510.3-3(b), (c)(1)) | Open. Egelhoff rests on ERISA, which does not cover an owner-only plan, so a state statute may reach it (our reading; ask counsel) | The plan document decides; we did not read one |
| Traditional or Roth IRA | The beneficiary form with the custodian; state law fills gaps | No federal rule. The custodian can add one: Pershing requires it in nine community or marital property states when a non-spouse is sole primary beneficiary; California Probate Code 5020 makes a community property transfer ineffective as to a non-consenting spouse’s interest | Depends on the state. Voided or revoked in California (5040), Florida (732.703(3)(c)), New York (5-1.4), Texas (9.302), Arizona (14-2804) and Washington (11.07.010), with exceptions listed below | The custodian agreement. Pershing: surviving spouse, then children in equal shares, then the estate |
| Nonqualified annuity bought with after-tax money | The contract’s beneficiary clause | No federal consent rule appeared in the sources we read; a surviving spouse who is the beneficiary is treated as the holder for the death rules (26 U.S.C. 72(s)(3)) | Florida names annuities (732.703(3)(f)) and Washington names annuities (11.07.010(5)(a)(i)); the other four use wording we did not test against an annuity contract | The contract decides; we did not read one. If the holder dies before the annuity starting date the entire interest must be distributed within 5 years unless paid over a designated beneficiary’s life (72(s)(1)(B), (2)) |
| Life insurance with a named beneficiary | The policy’s beneficiary clause | No federal rule found in the sources we read | California excludes life insurance from 5040(e); Texas has its own section (9.301) that makes the designation of a spouse “not effective” after a decree; Florida, New York and Washington list it | The policy decides |
| Brokerage account with a TOD registration | The TOD registration | Not under the Florida uniform act: the owner may change it “without the consent of the beneficiary,” and the act is silent on a spouse (711.506) | Florida lists TOD securities by name (732.703(3)(e)) and New York names “security registration in beneficiary form (TOD)” (5-1.4(a)) | If no TOD beneficiary survives, the security belongs to the estate (711.507) |
| Non-traded REIT or BDC shares | The TOD form if you made one; otherwise the estate (our reading, see our trust vs will guide) | Neither prospectus mentions a spouse’s signature; TOD is open only to individuals who are sole owners or joint owners with survivorship | State TOD statutes (Florida, New York) cover TOD registrations; both funds waive the early-repurchase deduction for a divorce-driven transfer if asked within 12 months | No TOD box and no TOD form means no TOD designation; the shares pass by the owner’s will or by law (our reading) |
Four rows carry most of the risk. The 401(k) row is the one where a spouse has a right that a form cannot take away. The IRA row is the opposite: the saver can name anyone, and divorce is handled by the state. The solo 401(k) row sits between them and is the one a self-employed saver should read twice. The fund-share row is where a missing second form leaves a $500,000 holding without a named heir.
Spousal consent: what makes a waiver valid
The federal text is narrow and mechanical. It applies to a plan that provides survivor annuity benefits or that does not meet the defined-contribution exemption, and it fails if any of these elements is missing.
| Requirement | What the text says | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Written consent | The spouse of the participant “consents in writing to such election” | 29 U.S.C. 1055(c)(2)(A)(i); 26 U.S.C. 417(a)(2) |
| Witness | The consent “is witnessed by a plan representative or a notary public” | 29 U.S.C. 1055(c)(2)(A)(iii) |
| Named beneficiary | The waiver and the consent must state the specific nonspouse beneficiary, including any class or contingent beneficiary; a later change needs new consent unless the spouse expressly allowed it | 29 U.S.C. 1055(c)(2)(A)(ii); 26 CFR 1.401(a)-20 Q&A-31(a) |
| A trust as the named beneficiary | The spouse need only consent to the designation of the trust, not to the trust’s beneficiaries | 26 CFR 1.401(a)-20 Q&A-31(a) |
| Binds one spouse only | A consent by one spouse “is binding only with respect to the consenting spouse”; a later spouse is not bound | 26 CFR 1.401(a)-20 Q&A-29 |
| Signed before the wedding | “An agreement entered into prior to marriage does not satisfy the applicable consent requirements” | 26 CFR 1.401(a)-20 Q&A-28 |
| No spouse or spouse not found | A plan representative may accept that consent cannot be obtained because there is no spouse or the spouse cannot be located | 29 U.S.C. 1055(c)(2)(B) |
| Legal separation or abandonment | No consent is needed if the participant is legally separated or abandoned and has a court order to that effect, unless a QDRO provides otherwise | 26 CFR 1.401(a)-20 Q&A-27 |
| Marriage under one year | A plan is not required to treat the participant as married unless the couple have been married throughout the one-year period ending on the earlier of the annuity starting date or the date of death | 26 CFR 1.401(a)-20 Q&A-25(b)(2) |
Two points matter in practice. First, the consent rule applies to the plan, not to a rolled-over IRA: once the money is in an IRA the federal text above no longer applies to it, and any consent rule comes from the custodian or the state (our reading of 29 CFR 2510.3-2(d) and the sources above). Second, an antenuptial agreement does not count, so a waiver the spouse signed before the wedding does not satisfy a 401(k) plan.
IRAs: no federal consent rule, but a custodian and a state
An individual retirement account described in section 408(a) is excluded from the Title I definition of a pension plan, on the conditions in 29 CFR 2510.3-2(d)(1), the first of which is that “No contributions are made by the employer or employee association.” So the federal consent rule does not reach an IRA, and the Supreme Court’s preemption holding, which rests on ERISA, does not cover it either (our reading).
Two other sources fill the gap. The custodian’s agreement is one. The Pershing LLC traditional IRA agreement sets the default order and the allocation rules, and its application form says: “If you are married, reside in a community property or marital property state, and designate someone other than your spouse as your sole, primary beneficiary, your spouse must sign this form below.” It lists “AZ, CA, ID, LA, NV, NM, TX, WA, WI.” The same agreement also says its terms “shall be applicable without regard to the community property laws of any state,” so the custodian’s signature rule and the state’s community property rule are separate things (our reading). State law is the other. California Probate Code 5020 says a nonprobate transfer of community property executed by a married person without the spouse’s written consent “is not effective as to the nonconsenting spouse’s interest in the property.” On an $800,000 IRA built entirely from community earnings and left to a non-spouse, our arithmetic puts the untouched spouse’s interest at $400,000; how much of a real IRA is community property is a question of fact the sources do not answer.
The tax rule for a spouse who does inherit is separate and is in IRS Publication 590-B (2025): a surviving spouse who is the sole beneficiary “may elect to be treated as the owner and not as the beneficiary,” while someone who inherits from anyone else “can’t treat the inherited IRA as your own.” The payout clock and the estate-as-beneficiary problem are covered in our inherited IRA 10-year rule guide and our guide to the 401(k) version.
Divorce: the ERISA line and six state statutes
The Supreme Court has drawn the line twice. In Egelhoff v. Egelhoff (No. 99-1529) the Washington statute provided that “the designation of a spouse as the beneficiary of a nonprobate asset is revoked automatically upon divorce,” and the Court held that ERISA preempts it as applied to ERISA plans because it would force administrators to pay “the beneficiaries chosen by state law, rather than to those identified in the plan documents.” In Kennedy v. Plan Administrator for DuPont (No. 07-636) the Court held that the plan administrator “properly disregarded” a waiver in a divorce decree that was not a QDRO because it conflicted with the designation made in accordance with plan documents, and the plan had paid the balance of “some $400,000” to the named former spouse. A QDRO is the exception that points the other way: to the extent the order says so, the former spouse is “treated as a surviving spouse” for the survivor annuity rules (29 U.S.C. 1056(d)(3)(F)).
For everything that is not an ERISA plan, state statutes decide. The six we read:
| State | Statute | What happens on divorce | Assets it names | Exceptions and limits we read |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| California | Probate Code 5040 (with 5000) | A nonprobate transfer to the former spouse “fails”; the instrument is read as if the former spouse failed to survive | The instruments in Section 5000, which include an individual retirement plan, an employee benefit plan, a pension plan and an account agreement; life insurance is excluded (5040(e)) | Clear and convincing evidence that the transferor intended to keep it (5040(b)(2)); a court order maintaining it; a legal separation is not a dissolution |
| Florida | Statutes 732.703 | The designation is “void” from the time of the judicial dissolution; the asset passes as if the former spouse predeceased | Employee benefit plan, IRA under section 408 or 408A, POD account, TOD security, annuity and life insurance outside a plan | Not applied “to the extent that controlling federal law provides otherwise” (4)(a); not applied if the instrument was signed after the dissolution and expressly names the former spouse (4)(b); not applied if the instrument is governed by another state’s law (4)(g) |
| New York | EPTL 5-1.4 | A divorce or annulment revokes any revocable disposition to the former spouse; the instrument is read as if the former spouse had predeceased | Will, TOD security registration, life insurance and, “to the extent permitted by law,” a pension or retirement plan, and revocable trusts | A payor is not liable for paying in good faith before it receives written notice of the divorce; remarriage to the former spouse revives the designation (5-1.4(b)(2)) |
| Texas | Family Code 9.301 and 9.302 | A designation of the spouse is “not effective” after the decree unless the decree, a new designation or a trust for a child says otherwise; payable to the alternative beneficiary or, if none, to the designating spouse | 9.301 life insurance; 9.302 IRA, employee stock option plan and other employer or financial plans | Public retirement systems are excluded (9.302(e)); we found no Texas section in this subchapter for a brokerage TOD or an annuity |
| Arizona | Revised Statutes 14-2804 | A divorce or annulment “revokes” any revocable disposition to the former spouse in a governing instrument, and to the spouse’s relatives | Any governing instrument executed before the divorce | Expressly overridden by the instrument’s terms, a court order or a marital contract; a payor is liable for paying after it receives written notice of a claimed revocation |
| Washington | RCW 11.07.010 | A provision in favor of the former spouse is “revoked”; the asset passes as if the former spouse failed to survive | All nonprobate assets; the list includes life insurance, employee benefit plans, annuities and IRAs, “unless provided otherwise by controlling federal law” | Not applied if the governing instrument says otherwise or a court order requires the asset to be kept for the former spouse or children |
Three differences stand out. California excludes life insurance, while Texas treats life insurance in its own section and Florida and Washington list it. Florida and New York name TOD securities, so a brokerage TOD to an ex-spouse is cut out in those two states, but we found no matching text in the Texas sections we read. And the exceptions differ: in Texas a new designation after the decree restores the ex-spouse, in Florida an instrument signed after the dissolution that expressly names the ex-spouse stays valid, Arizona, New York and Washington defer to the instrument’s express terms, and California asks for clear and convincing evidence of intent. The practical rule is the one the Supreme Court cases leave: do not rely on a statute for a 401(k), and do not rely on silence for an IRA.
Non-traded REIT and BDC shares: two forms and a 12-month clock
Both funds we read, one BDC and one REIT, use the same sentences for TOD. Apollo Debt Solutions BDC (486BPOS filed April 16, 2026, accession 0001193125-26-159295) says: “A TOD designation transfers the ownership of the Common Shares to your designated beneficiary upon your death. This designation may only be made by individuals, not entities, who are the sole or joint owners with right to survivorship of the Common Shares.” StratCap Digital Infrastructure REIT (POS AM filed April 14, 2026, accession 0001104659-26-043224) uses the same words for its shares. To make the designation, both say “you must check the TOD box on the subscription agreement and you must complete and return a TOD form,” which comes from the financial representative and is not filed on EDGAR. The trust-vs-will page compares two other funds on the TOD-versus-trust choice; the part this page adds is what happens after the death.
| Term | Apollo Debt Solutions BDC (486BPOS, April 16, 2026) | StratCap Digital Infrastructure REIT (POS AM, April 14, 2026) |
|---|---|---|
| TOD designation | Individuals only; TOD box and TOD form | Individuals only; TOD box and TOD form |
| Early-repurchase deduction on shares held under one year | Repurchased at 98 percent of NAV (a 2 percent deduction) | Repurchased at 95 percent of the transaction price (a 5 percent deduction) |
| Waiver for death, divorce or disability | “may be waived” for a death, divorce or qualified disability of the holder | “may only be waived” for a death, qualified disability or divorce of the holder |
| Who gives the notice after a death | The estate, the recipient through bequest or inheritance, or the trustee of a trust | The estate, the recipient through bequest or inheritance, or the trustee of a trust |
| Time limit | Written request within 12 months of the death, with a certified copy of the death certificate | Written request within 12 months of the death, with a certified copy of the death certificate |
| Spouses as joint registered holders | Request can be made if either holder dies or has a qualified disability | Request can be made if either holder dies or has a qualified disability |
| Holder that is not a natural person, such as certain trusts | The waiver “does not apply” | The waiver “does not apply” |
| If repurchase requests exceed the offer | Pro rata “with priority” for death, divorce or qualified disability | No priority sentence in the text we read; limit of 1.67 percent of aggregate NAV per month |
| Repurchase target | Up to 5 percent of shares outstanding per quarter, which the board may amend or suspend | 1.67 percent of aggregate NAV per month |
Worked example, our arithmetic: an heir who receives a $500,000 stake that was bought less than a year ago and asks to have it repurchased faces a $10,000 deduction at Apollo’s 2 percent or $25,000 at StratCap’s 5 percent unless the fund waives it, and the waiver is a “may,” not a promise. Only the 12-month window is a hard date in either text. Nothing in either prospectus gives a spouse a right to sign off on a TOD, so for a married holder in a community property state the question belongs with the estate lawyer, not with the fund. Our probate guide and the transfer-on-death deed page cover the real estate side.
A blank form, a dead beneficiary and per stirpes
The custodian’s agreement decides what the form does not. These are the terms in the Pershing LLC Traditional IRA Custodial Account Agreement (form IRAB-TRAD-ADOP, 01/06/2021 edition; other custodians differ).
| Situation | What the agreement says | Our arithmetic on $600,000 |
|---|---|---|
| No beneficiary on file, or none survive | “The Participant’s surviving spouse, if any”, then “The Participant’s children, if any, in equal shares”, then “The Participant’s estate” | Married with two children: the whole $600,000 goes to the spouse |
| Three children each named one third; one dies first; no per stirpes | “The deceased Beneficiary’s percentage allocation will be divided among the surviving Beneficiaries” in the ratio of their allocations | $300,000 to each of the two survivors; the deceased child’s children receive nothing |
| The same form with per stirpes elected | “The beneficiary’s share of the IRA will pass to his or her respective heirs”; the owner names a responsible individual, or Pershing relies on the executor | $200,000 each to the two survivors and $200,000 to the deceased child’s children |
| Estate named | Pershing “will require a Court Order and instructions from the Executor” | Probate cost applies; see our trust vs will guide |
| “Per Will” written on the form | “Per Will” designations are not acceptable designations | Not accepted as written; Pershing’s instruction is to write in “Estate” |
The row that surprises most savers is the third one. The default is not per stirpes: if no one asks for it, a dead child’s share is spread among the living, which can cut out a grandchild. Writing “per stirpes” has a cost too, because Pershing then wants a named person to answer questions about the family tree. We checked one custodian only; the agreement at your custodian will have its own order.
Which situation are you in
- You are married and your 401(k) names someone other than your spouse. The plan should hold a consent signed by your spouse and witnessed by a plan representative or notary that names that person; without it the consent may not take effect.
- You are divorced and your 401(k) or pension still names your ex-spouse. The statutes and the Kennedy case point the same way: the plan pays who the form names. The form is the document to change; the decree is not.
- You are divorced and your IRA still names your ex-spouse. Your state’s statute may cut the designation out, but the exceptions (a later document, a court order, an intent to keep) and the payor’s protection until it gets notice mean a new form is the safe answer.
- You are self-employed with a solo 401(k). ERISA Title I may not cover the plan, so the preemption cases may not apply; the plan document and a lawyer’s read matter more than the headline rule.
- You hold unlisted fund shares. Ask each fund for its TOD form, and keep the 12-month clock in mind for heirs.
- You have a nonqualified annuity. Read the contract; on death the federal rule is a 5-year payout unless a spouse or a life-expectancy payout is chosen. See our inherited annuity guide.
What a reader can do with this
- Pull every form. For each account write down who is named as primary and contingent, whether per stirpes is checked, and the date of the form.
- Match the account to the matrix. An ERISA plan needs a spouse’s consent to name someone else; an IRA does not, except where the custodian or your state adds it.
- Check your marital history against the forms. A form signed before a divorce is the one the statutes and cases above are about; a form signed before a remarriage may not bind the new spouse (26 CFR 1.401(a)-20 Q&A-29).
- Read the custodian’s default. Ask for the section of the IRA agreement that sets the order when no one is named or a beneficiary dies first, and for its per stirpes wording.
- Ask each fund for its TOD form and its death procedure. Note the 12-month window and the certified death certificate.
- Do not use the estate by accident. An estate named on an IRA changes the payout rules; our disclaimer guide covers a beneficiary who chooses not to take.
- Check the state. The six statutes here are a sample, not the map. For deeds, see our transfer-on-death deed page.
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Sources, read and saved on October 26, 2026: 29 U.S.C. 1055, 1056 and 1144 and 26 U.S.C. 72 and 417 (law.cornell.edu, U.S. Code); 26 CFR 1.401(a)-20, 29 CFR 2510.3-2 and 29 CFR 2510.3-3 (eCFR); IRS Publication 590-B (2025); Egelhoff v. Egelhoff, No. 99-1529, and Kennedy v. Plan Administrator for DuPont Savings and Investment Plan, No. 07-636 (law.cornell.edu, Supreme Court opinions); California Probate Code 5000, 5020 and 5040 (california.public.law copy of the code, verified there October 26, 2026); Florida Statutes 711.50-711.512 and 732.703 (leg.state.fl.us); New York EPTL 5-1.4 (nysenate.gov, through the Internet Archive); Texas Family Code 9.301 and 9.302 (texas.public.law copy, updated May 26, 2025); Arizona Revised Statutes 14-2804 (azleg.gov); RCW 11.07.010 (app.leg.wa.gov); Apollo Debt Solutions BDC Form 486BPOS filed April 16, 2026 (SEC accession 0001193125-26-159295); StratCap Digital Infrastructure REIT Form POS AM filed April 14, 2026 (0001104659-26-043224); Pershing LLC Traditional IRA Custodial Account Agreement and application, form IRAB-TRAD-ADOP (pershing.com). Dollar examples and counts are our arithmetic from the terms stated; conclusions marked “our reading” are ours. State law outside the six states, plan documents, annuity contracts, the TOD forms themselves and the facts of any divorce are outside this page. This is analysis of public documents, not investment, legal or tax advice.
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